Collection of scientific works «Scientific Problems of Architecture and Urban Planning» | ODABA
Previous title of the collection: Problems of the Theory and History of Architecture of Ukraine Founder: Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture Year of foundation: 2000. Under the current name - 2022 Topics: Results of scientific and experimental-theoretical research in the field of: construction and architecture; building structures; building materials and technologies; hydraulic and transport construction; engineering networks and equipment; foundations and foundations; technology and organization of construction production. Certificate of state registration: KV No. 25220-15160PR dated 10.06.2022 Professional registration: Resolution No. 1279 dated 28.12.2019 (category B) Science field: G17 Architecture and urban planning G19 Construction and civil engineering Periodicity: 1 time per year UDC classification index: UDC 001.891.7:69:72 Editorial address: Editorial office of the collection "Scientific problems of architecture and urban planning", Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 4 Didrikhson St., Odesa, 65029 tel. +38 (098) 101-66-82 (technical editor Kovalenko Olga Sergiyevna) e-mail: zbirnyk-das@odaba.edu.ua Collection website: zbirnyk.org.ua Academy website: odaba.edu.ua Collection website under the previous title "Problems of the Theory and History of Architecture of Ukraine" Collection website under the previous domain name ptiart.wixsite.com/ogasa
Одеська державна академія будівництва та архітектури
A bim-oriented approach to the consistency of design and cost documentation in contemporary construction
The paper examines the problem of misalignment between design and cost documentation as one of the key causes of cost overruns, schedule deviations, and reduced transparency in construction project management. It is shown that conventional estimating approaches based on manual or semi automated quantity take off from drawings generate cost documentation as an autonomous information product weakly connected to design data, which leads to repeated recalculations of quantities and costs and to the accumulation of errors when design changes occur. A BIM oriented approach using 5D BIM is substantiated, within which geometric, quantitative, and cost parameters are integrated into a single information model and maintained as controlled versioned data. The role of Quantity Take Off and Bill of Quantities processes is clarified, where QTO provides continuous extraction of quantitative indicators directly from model element parameters, while BOQ forms a structured document for cost calculations and contractual interaction. It is demonstrated that the information model as a single reliable source of data enables scenario based estimating, early comparison of alternative technical solutions, and prompt assessment of the cost impact of design changes. The prerequisites for effective implementation of 5D BIM in national practice are identified, including standardization of information requirements, classification systems, and change management in accordance with ISO 19650 principles. The obtained findings may be applied in practice through the use of artificial intelligence tools within BIM oriented cost management systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Collection of scientific works «Scientific Problems of Architecture and Urban Planning» | ODABA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Emergency damage to a pipeline may lead to the occurrence of a fire. The nature of the flame can vary. This paper considers the case of a jet flame. The impact of a jet flame is often underestimated, since there are fairly effective methods for combating this phenomenon, and it is believed that it does not require immediate action to prevent unforeseen consequences. However, if a parallel pipeline or containers with flammable products are located nearby, a domino effect may occur, i.e., damage to the pipeline, ignition of transported products, equipment, as well as threats to human life and buildings. This work presents results obtained during an experimental study of the impact of an acoustic jet flame on a pipe containing stagnant gas or water. Using sensors, the temperature of the flame impinging on a pipe located at a fixed distance was studied. Temperature changes were examined as a function of heating time, fire intensity, and position on the pipe. After 19.5 s, an initial increase in the air temperature inside the pipe to about 20 °C was recorded; after 150 s it rose to a maximum of 600 °C, and to about 800 °C after approximately 360 s. In the second stage of the experiment, when the pipe contained water, the heating rate in the wall region in contact with the liquid was significantly lower than in the first stage of the experiment. The maximum temperature reached only about 150 °C. Based on the temperatures of the jet flame and the pipe, the heat fluxes reaching the pipe and the corresponding heat transfer coefficients were determined. The study demonstrated the necessity of investigating the effects of jet flames to ensure fire protection, in particular by providing a safe distance between pipelines. The obtained results can be applied to modeling the possibility of chain (domino) damage effects in pipeline networks.
Classification of artificial intelligence tooling in architecture. The information-algorithmic dimension
The article presents an information–algorithmic axis of classification for architectural AI tools and shows how AI-driven systems, platforms, and workflows can be systematically organised by two parameters: the information dimension (types and sources of data used and produced) and the algorithmic dimension (families of AI/algorithmic methods). On the information side, the framework distinguishes geometric and spatial data, environmental and performance data, programmatic and regulatory information, user- and sensor-derived streams, and higher-level domain knowledge. On the algorithmic side, it spans rule-based and parametric approaches, evolutionary optimisation, agent-based models, classical machine learning, deep neural networks, generative models, reinforcement learning, and large foundation models. Using a matrix of I–A pairings, the article maps a set of contemporary tools and research prototypes in architecture and urbanism, covering generative design platforms, performanceoriented surrogates, code-compliance assistants, immersive evaluation workflows, structural design agents, and city-scale GeoAI systems. The analysis reveals dense clusters such as geometry-driven generative design and performance prediction, as well as under-explored combinations, including context-aware reinforcement learning and programme-to-geometry generative pipelines. The discussion highlights typical trade-offs between data requirements, algorithmic complexity, interpretability, and the role of human oversight. The information–algorithmic axis complements functional and lifecycle classifications and provides a practical lens for understanding data needs and computational behaviour of architectural AI tools. It can inform the selection and chaining of tools in digital workflows, the design of curricula that prepare architects to work with data and algorithms, and the identification of promising gaps for future research and development.
Сучасні технології та енергозбереження в архітектурі
Digital community development platforms: engineering, land and architectural solutions for the village of the future
The article explores an integrated digital platform approach to the development of rural territories in Ukraine, focusing on comprehensive management of engineering, land, and architectural resources at the community level. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to overcome fragmented decision-making, outdated spatial data, and limited institutional capacity of local communities, especially in the context of post-war recovery and sustainable rural development. The paper proposes a conceptual model of an integrated digital platform that combines engineering assessment and modelling (White Due Diligence Engineering), land and legal analysis (Triada Land & Legal), and urban and architectural planning tools (SigmaGeoPort Urban). The functional capabilities of the platform are analyzed, including risk identification, spatial scenario modelling, infrastructure planning, land-use optimisation, and preparation of investment-ready project packages. The study demonstrates the practical impact of digital platforms on improving transparency of asset management, reducing technical and legal risks, accelerating investment project preparation, and supporting evidence-based spatial planning. Particular attention is paid to the role of such platforms in empowering young professionals by providing access to real data, applied analytical tools, and interdisciplinary skills at the intersection of GIS, engineering, architecture, and territorial development. The findings confirm that integrated digital platforms represent a key instrument for sustainable rural development and the formation of resilient, investment-attractive communities in Ukraine.
Research of methodological tools for improving the graphic abilities of future designers and architects
At the current stage, higher education is moving to a new qualitative level, reflecting innovations in the professions of "Designer" or "Architect". Hence, the need for training highly qualified specialists in these fields is growing. Given modern concepts and innovative technologies that are evident in all spheres of human life, the requirements for the level of professional training of graduates of higher educational institutions, their self-education, the ability to think independently, optimize their activities, and make unconventional, non-trivial decisions have increased. The development of relevant high-quality graphic competencies and sustainable practical skills in the process of training future creative specialists is a pressing issue. For junior students, especially in design and architecture, freehand drawing remains a fundamental skill that requires systematic development through special techniques and exercises. The main goal is to "train the hand", develop an eye, a sense of proportion and confidence in line. The development of hand graphics is inextricably linked with classical graphic disciplines, primarily the following: "Sketchy Geometry", "Geometry of Images", "Font Graphics" or "Art of Font", "Accidental Font", "Typographyk", etc. The main results of the study of methodological tools for improving the graphic capabilities of future designers and architects are reviewed by the authors using extensive research in the process of teaching first-year or second-year students graphic disciplines at the Department of Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics of Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture (OSACEA). The research used analytical methods to summarize expert assessments of graphic and individual, in particular competitive, student works, the results of hourly observations of the performance of tasks in classroom classes provided for by the curriculum, and conclusions from a critical comparative analysis of modern publications on the methodology of teaching graphic disciplines to students with a creative profile, etc. The research results were tested in the educational process, which provides for the improvement and development of this topic in the future.
junior students of design and architecture majors
Formation of an inclusive urban environment based on the Principles of universal design: theoretical and practical Experience of Norway
The article provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of the concept of Universal Design as a fundamental tool for shaping a modern inclusive urban environment. Based on the study of Norway’s leading expertise, the mechanisms for transforming theoretical principles of architectural barrier-free design into practical spatial solutions are investigated. The author explores the essence of the seven fundamental principles of Universal Design, emphasizing aspects such as equitable use, flexibility, intuitiveness, and low physical effort. A number of landmark objects are examined, including the Oslo Opera House, Schandorff Square, and revitalized industrial complexes. These examples demonstrate the implementation of "seamless space," multimodal navigation, and cognitive accessibility. Particular attention is paid to the socio-economic efficiency of universal planning and its role in stimulating urban mobility. In the context of the current challenges facing Ukraine, the necessity of implementing Norwegian "Design for All" standards into post-war reconstruction strategies is justified. The author argues that Universal Design is not only a requirement for social justice but also an effective instrument for increasing the capitalization of the architectural environment and fostering a democratic society where every citizen is granted equal rights to a comfortable and safe life. For Ukraine, in the context of the global challenge of large-scale post-war reconstruction, Norway's experience is of strategic significance. Today, Ukraine faces a unique opportunity to achieve a civilizational transition from outdated post-Soviet standards of 'nominal accessibility' — which often existed only declaratively — to the creation of cities where every individual feels like a full participant in social life. The Norwegian path convincingly demonstrates that universal design is not a financial burden on a project, but rather serves as an effective tool for enhancing the quality and capitalization of the built environment. Integrating inclusive solutions directly into the 'genetic code' of architectural projects is the most promising development vector for the recovery of Ukrainian cities, enabling the formation of an equitable, safe, and open society of the future.
Formation of the visual image of the city (Kharkiv) Under wartime conditions
The study addresses the issue of a comprehensive and systematic approach to the formation and restoration of the visual image of post-war cities in Ukraine. It emphasizes that this process extends far beyond architectural and construction tasks, functioning instead as a strategic, multi-layered project of socio-psychological rehabilitation, cultural identification, and informational resilience. The visual environment of a post-war city is interpreted as an active communicative medium that influences collective memory, emotional well-being, and social cohesion, particularly in societies affected by prolonged military conflict. Special attention is paid to participatory practices as a key foundation for legitimacy, inclusivity, and trust in post-war urban transformation. The research examines contemporary methods of active public engagement, including co-design processes, community-based decisionmaking, and the application of innovative digital tools such as virtual reality (VR). VR technologies are analyzed as instruments for project visualization, inclusivity testing, risk mitigation, and the achievement of social consensus prior to implementation, thereby democratizing the design process and reducing conflict between stakeholders. The paper proposes a comprehensive, multi-phase program that integrates long-term strategic planning instruments, such as the development of urban master plans, municipal design codes, and visual regulation frameworks, with tactical and operational solutions. These include localized design interventions in specific urban areas (streets, squares, small public spaces, courtyards), rapid urban improvement measures, and the creation of exemplary “postcard” views and selfie zones. Such interventions are considered not merely as aesthetic enhancements, but as tools for shaping a positive visual narrative, strengthening urban branding, and supporting psychological recovery during and after the conflict. Using Kharkiv as a case study, the research analyzes practical strategies for maintaining and preserving a positive visual image of the city under conditions of active hostilities. These strategies include the organization of safe festive, cultural, and memorial events, as well as temporary and adaptive spatial interventions, which function as mechanisms for sustaining community morale, reinforcing collective identity, and counteracting narratives of destruction. The study concludes that post-war recovery presents a unique opportunity not only to rebuild damaged infrastructure, but to achieve a qualitative transformation of the urban environment. This transformation aims to produce cities that are more humane, resilient, visually coherent, and socially inclusive, grounded in European values, cultural continuity, and active civic participation. The findings contribute to the interdisciplinary discourse on post-conflict urbanism and may serve as a methodological framework for policymakers, urban planners, architects, and local communities involved in the reconstruction of war-affected cities.
Project scenarios for the regeneration of sacred spaces
Sacred space is a unique type of architectural environment with historical (temporal), social, cultural, semantic, ritual-functional, spatial-architectural, psycho-emotional (perceptual), memorial, landscape, and ethical aspects that organize a visible and invisible multilayered system. In the course of historical development, such spaces built the spatial structure of the city and functioned as a center of socio-spatial interactions, collective memory, and identity. Sacred territories have undergone a complex evolutionary path. Cultural, political, and social changes have led to transformations and changes in functional purpose, as well as significant destruction. Each historical stage has led to changes or the loss of sacred function, creating new semantic and architectural-spatial layers. Given the current challenges, the regeneration of sacred spaces requires a balanced approach that includes not only functional adaptation or restoration, but also a careful analysis of historical and spatial layers. A scenario-based, variable, and flexible approach is aimed at integrating a new purpose into the sacred space without losing its spiritual and semantic meanings. The choice of the project concept for the scenario is justified by a number of factors that will set the limits of permissible intervention in the sacred environment. Depending on the types of sacred spaces, their historical evolution, architectural and functional transformations, state of preservation, architectural and urban planning potential, there is a need to structure approaches to their regeneration. The study considers the following typology of project scenarios for the regeneration of sacred spaces: conservation-museum, hybrid sacred-public, adaptivecultural, landscape-memorial. Confirmation of the feasibility of design scenarios for the regeneration of sacred spaces predicts sustainable development, taking into account the visible and invisible layers of the architectural environment. The prospects for the development of the scenario method will provide the prerequisites for the creation of scientifically sound design solutions for the restoration of sacred space.
Проблеми збереження історико-архітектурної спадщини
The history of the formation, destruction and restoration of the Architectural and cultural landscape of Baturyn
In the article, the historical stages of the origin, destruction and restoration of objects of the architectural and cultural landscape of the city of Baturyn, which urban development is associated with the activities of five Hetmans of Ukraine – Demian Ihnatovych (1669-1672), Ivan Samoilovych (1672-1687), Ivan Mazepa (1687-1708), Pylyp Orlyk (1710-1742) and Kyrylo Razumovsky (1750-1764) are considered. It is noted that the restoration and reconstruction of the architectural and cultural heritage of historical cities of Ukraine is one of the conditions for the preservation and regeneration of the historical memory of Ukrainians. The history of the urban development of Baturyn associated with the construction of the fortress and its citadel, around which the urban environment of the medieval city was formed, as well as its decline associated with the attack of the Moscow army, is studied. The period of revival of the Hetman's capital is described, thanks to the state-building and economic activities of the last Hetman of Ukraine Kyrylo Razumovsky in 1750-1764. The history of the creation of the palace and park complex of K. Razumovsky by Charles Cameron and Antonio Rinaldi, its neglect and revival at the beginning of the 21st century simultaneously with other objects of the architectural and cultural landscape of today's Baturyn is presented, namely: the citadel of the Baturyn fortress (1620); the estate of V.L. Kochubei with a park area located within the ancient Cossack park (late XVII – mid - XIX). K. Razumovsky (1799- 1803) with a parish school (1897). Okhor No. 883. The experience of successful implementation of the “Comprehensive Program for the Preservation of Monuments of the State Historical and Cultural Reserve “Hetman's Capital” and the Development of Social and Engineering and Transport Infrastructure of Baturyn Village” at the expense of public-private partnership in the field of financing restoration and construction works is described.
architectural and cultural landscape of the historical city
restoration of the palace of Kyrylo Razumovsky
Multifunctional residential complexes in the urban structure of Karlsruhe
In the context of contemporary urbanization processes, climate change, and the growing demand for high-quality and affordable housing, European cities are facing the need to transition toward sustainable and integrated models of spatial development. One of the key forms of such transformation is multifunctional residential complexes that combine housing, public spaces, service facilities, and elements of green infrastructure. The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the architectural and urban planning foundations underlying the formation of contemporary residential complexes and multifunctional residential ensembles in the city of Karlsruhe as key elements of a sustainable urban environment, as well as to determine their role in the transformation of the spatial structure, functional organization, and quality of the residential environment within the framework of compact and integrated urban development. The study applies a comprehensive architectural and urban-planning approach, including an analysis of the urban structure of Karlsruhe, a typological study of residential and multifunctional complexes, and an examination of key projects—BadenCarré, Rintheimer Feld, and Ettlinger Tor. Particular attention is paid to issues of multifunctionality, the organization of public spaces, the integration of social infrastructure, and the application of sustainable development principles. As a result of the study, it has been established that contemporary residential complexes in Karlsruhe form a qualitatively new type of organization of urban residential development based on high density, multifunctionality, and orientation toward public transport. Such complexes contribute to reducing transport dependency, improving the quality of the residential environment, and enhancing the resilience of the urban structure. The findings confirm that the experience of Karlsruhe can be regarded as a promising model for the transformation of residential development in European and post-socialist cities.
Professional-public interaction In the post-war reconstruction of beirut. Theoretical approaches And dissemination of relevant practices
The complex story of Beirut's reconstruction after a 15-year civil war is seen as a paradigm for post-war Ukraine. In the recovery of the capital of Lebanon, collaboration between the public and professional sectors played an important role, acting as an alternative or complement to state and commercial private strategies. In contrast to «Solidere» company commercial approach, marked by "architectural amnesia" and the destruction of historical heritage, both public organizations and professional communities of architects and historians advocate for the preservation of cultural heritage as the basis for national reconciliation. The emergence of public movements from the level of direct self-organization of the population was complicated by the specifics of Lebanese society - the stability of ethnoconfessional identity and the corresponding political mobilization after the civil war. The dynamics of interaction allow traditional elites to penetrate civil society and connect the possibilities of its constructive participation in the reconstruction of the city. The dominant "top-down" approaches were focused on the physical aspects of reconstruction, and alternative approaches have also gained some development. However, they were conducted in small settlements, because creating a holistic methodology for Beirut was beyond the current capabilities of progressive research teams, and breakthroughs towards an effective humanitarian approach to post-war reconstruction came too late.
Neighborhood in the west and the soviet microdistrict: Implementation of related ideas in various social systems
The article presents a comparative analysis of two modernist models of residential environment organization that emerged in the first third of the 20th century: based on related planning units – the Western “neighbourhood unit” and the Soviet microdistrict. Both emerged as responses to the universal challenges of industrial urbanization – the housing crisis, accelerated urban growth, transport conflicts and the need to ensure everyday functions within pedestrian accessibility – but developed in fundamentally different political and institutional systems. The paper examines whether these models were parallel responses to common challenges, whether there was a direct or indirect mutual influence between them, and determines the universality and contextual conditionality of their implementation. An attempt is made to identify similarities and differences in the processes of emergence and transformation of the neighbourhood and microdistrict, as well as possible relationships between them. The evolution of the "neighbourhood unit" in the United States is examined, from the early works of W. E. Drummond to its normative formulation by C. A. Perry in 1929 in the concept of the Regional Plan of New York and its environs; the role of British experience in the formation of socially oriented planning, in particular the activities of T. Adams and the Russell Sage Foundation, is outlined. A system of key planning principles of the "neighbourhood unit" is identified (bordering highways, eliminating transit, centricity of schools and public functions, a system of open spaces). In parallel, the genesis of the Soviet microdistrict is analysed: the developments of the “Dipromisto” institute in the 1930s under the leadership of O. Eingorn, the change in approaches in the post-war period, the normative restoration of the microdistrict principle in the second half of the 1950s and its large-scale implementation until the beginning of the 1990s, including subsequent modifications (the “focusing” method of L. Tulpa). It is shown that the similarity of the initial problems caused the similarity of a number of planning principles, however, different implementation mechanisms – experimental-developmental in the West and centralized-normative in the USSR – determined different development trajectories and practical effects of these models.
Analysis of directions of revitalization of winery Enterprises
In the context of modern urbanization processes, the priority of sustainable urban development and the actualization of issues of cultural heritage preservation, the revitalization of industrial facilities, in particular historical wineries, is of particular importance. Such complexes form a unique segment of industrial architectural heritage, combining production, cultural and landscape characteristics and closely related to local identity, historical traditions and spatial structure of territories. In the context of the transformation of economic models, deindustrialization and the development of creative industries, former wineries are increasingly being considered as potential centers of socio-cultural activity, tourism, public initiatives and spatial renewal of the urban environment. The aim of the article is to analyze modern approaches and practices of revitalization of historical wineries with a focus on architectural and urban planning directions of adaptive reuse and principles of sustainable development. The study considers key problems of preserving the historical and architectural value of objects, the features of their functional transformation, the formation of new scenarios of use and the integration of modern needs of the community, the market and tourism infrastructure. Special attention is paid to the issues of functional mix, interaction with adjacent urban spaces and the role of revitalized complexes in the formation of a multifunctional urban environment. The evolution of approaches to the revitalization of wineries in European and international practice is summarized, and their potential as a tool for sustainable spatial development and improving the quality of the urban environment is determined. The results obtained can be used in the practice of architectural and urban design, redevelopment of industrial areas and strategic planning of the development of historical production complexes.
The architectural ensemble of trinity college – a jewel of the University of cambridge
This article presents a study of the architectural ensemble of Trinity College, University of Cambridge (Fig. 1), as a unique phenomenon in European educational architecture. Examining Trinity’s architecture makes it possible to trace how architectural form responded to changing institutional functions: from a scholastic school to a center of the scientific revolution and a modern research university. The Trinity College ensemble is viewed as a dynamic system in which material form, social function, and symbolic meaning are in constant dialogue. A century of innovations and conflicts posed a complex challenge for the college: integrating the needs of a contemporary research university into the historic fabric. The creative atmosphere of Trinity was fostered by talented architects. In this environment outstanding scholars — including Nobel laureates — studied and worked. Trinity College is renowned for its 34 Nobel Prizes among alumni and staff, more than any other single academic institution in the UK and exceeding that of most countries. The college remains a center of academic excellence. The architectural ensemble of Trinity College is not a frozen museum but a dynamic text in which each era has written its chapter. It is a dialogue of styles: Gothic (a symbol of ties to monastic roots), Baroque (a manifesto of reason and the Enlightenment), Neo-Gothic (the romantic myth of tradition), and contemporary architecture (the search for an appropriate language for science). The planning structure, originating from the monastic cloister, has proven remarkably flexible, remaining the framework for continually changing content. Trinity College is a vivid example of how architecture not only serves the educational process but actively creates it, shaping a unique environment in which an intellectual elite has been cultivated for centuries. The Trinity ensemble is not only a national treasure of Britain but also a universal monument to the European university idea embodied in stone, brick, and space. The study’s conclusions are based on analysis of written sources, architectural drawings, and the authors’ field observations.
Post-socialist challenges of a monotown: Eisenhüttenstadt between deindustrialization and rethinking heritage
This article examines the trajectories of post-socialist transformation in Eisenhüttenstadt between 1990 and 2025 as a planned monocity originally developed around a cityforming enterprise – Steelworks Combine East (Eisenhüttenkombinat Ost). The study analyzes how spatial, institutional, and socio-cultural changes intersect under conditions of deindustrialization, demographic decline, and state-led programs of «managed shrinkage». These processes resulted in large-scale demolition of residential buildings, selective concentration of resources in preserved urban cores, and substantial reconfiguration of infrastructural and service systems. Drawing on a combination of critical literature review, analysis of planning documents, open-access statistical data, and fieldwork, the article conceptualizes Eisenhüttenstadt’s post-socialist development as a multi-layered and actor-driven transformation rather than a linear decline. Particular attention is paid to the role of institutional actors at different governance levels, as well as to locally embedded cultural agents and initiatives that have actively contributed to the reinterpretation of socialist urban heritage. The findings demonstrate that post-socialist trajectories in monotowns are shaped by the interaction of strategic instruments – such as privatization regimes, urban restructuring programs, and heritage protection frameworks – and tactical practices, including cultural interventions, adaptive reuse, and network-based local mobilization. Eisenhüttenstadt is discussed as a transformation shaped by deliberate actions of multi-level actors, including state-led restructuring instruments, municipal planning and housing management, and local cultural initiatives. The case illustrates how strategic programs and tactical practices interacted in housing demolition, resource re-concentration, and heritage re-interpretation. Methodologically, the paper reconstructs key phases through analysis, offering a comparative lens for post-socialist monotowns, including Ukraine.
Normative base of Ukraine in the area of solar shading of buildings
When designing houses in the southern regions of Ukraine there is a problem of protection of premises from direct solar radiation, which causes thermal and light discomfort. The practice of building construction in the southern areas shows that many houses are designed without taking into account the excess thermal action of insolation in the summer. In buildings with significant access of insolation to the premises, technical means of sun protection (air conditioning, internal cooling systems) are used, which leads to significant energy consumption. The rigidity of energy saving requirements leads to the need to develop new standards for the design and use of sun protection devices. They are able to significantly reduce the load on the cooling systems of buildings during the overheating period in summer and maintain or slightly reduce passive solar heating in winter. Due to the high brightness of sunlight and the appearance of glare on the mirror-reflecting surfaces, there is light (visual) discomfort. Sunscreens should be designed to provide protection against overheating in summer, reduce heat loss during the cold season, increase viewer comfort and visual contact with the environment. The norms set the minimum duration of insolation, but an excess of direct solar radiation can also lead to negative consequences. The practice of building construction in the southern areas shows that many houses are designed without taking into account the excess thermal action of insolation in the summer. In buildings with unlimited access of insolation to the premises, technical means of sun protection (air conditioning, internal cooling systems) are used, which leads to significant energy consumption. Currently in Ukraine there is no normative document that regulates the rules of design of sun protection devices, their types, requirements for them; basic efficiency criteria; methods of their determination. The peculiarity of the method is the use of a minimum amount of climatological information about the construction area. To perform calculations, it is enough to know: latitude, monthly average values of air temperature and its daily amplitude.
Copyright (c) 2022 Collection of scientific works «Scientific Problems of Architecture and Urban Planning» | ODABA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Trends in the development of modern world architecture
The article demonstrates that new requirements and challenges open new perspectives in forming the habitat and architectural creativity due to technical and technological capabilities. The architects` role and place in the integration processes of a technocratic society are analyzed. The main reasons for the loss of leading positions in the construction industry by modern architects are determined. The unique role of the "syntheticity" of contemporary architecture is singled out. It is shown that modern architecture is turning from a monocultural phenomenon into a symbiosis of creative, cultural, scientific, and technical potentials. The example of the buildings "Vertical Forest" (Bosco Verticale) in Milan or the "Tower of Cedars" (La tour des Cedres) in Lausanne, the complex of the concert hall "Maraya" in the Al-Ula desert of Saudi Arabia, the convention center in Changzhou Park in China, the active participation of design engineers in the creative process of design and construction, the introduction of "green" technologies and materials, the implementation of the principles of the following "sustainable" construction is shown. The study emphasizes that the design of complex engineering systems and mechanisms significantly complicates the process of architectural and building design. It requires the architect to go beyond the scope of the profession fundamentally. It is pointed out that the alienation of a person from architecture has become an obvious deep problem of architectural activity at the level of the author-architect, the consumer-addressee, and at the level of development, transformation, and implementation of the project. Several reasons have been identified that do not allow most architects to become the head of a complex mechanism for implementing their creative intent. It is proved that the full development of the architect in the working process is possible only in large architectural firms. The importance of a dynamic process of improving modern management technologies in large architectural firms, and more active public involvement at all stages of construction and investment activities, is emphasized. It is argued that small architectural bureaus cannot guarantee their employees the development of quality of their professional horizons. One of the ways to solve these problems is proposed. It is argued that the capabilities of modern digital technologies, scientific and technical discoveries, and the inconsistency of the integration process, bring many new and specific trends to architectural activity. The tendency of gradual improvement of constructive-plastic, functionaltechnical, and artistic-aesthetic qualities in mass construction is revealed.
History of winemaking activity in the Odesa region
According to research, the origin of grape culture was simultaneously, or at different times, in several geographical centers independently of each other. With the further development of human civilization in different regions, viticulture developed separately and in parallel. Historical materials show that even then quite advanced varieties and various technologies were used. Modern viticulture is built on the foundation of ancient cultures and the experience of growing grapes throughout the historical period of human civilization. Every corner of the land where grapes were grown and are grown has its own traditions of consumption of products. At the present stage, viticulture is a powerful branch of agricultural activity of mankind. In some countries of the world viticulture is the basic branch of the economy. High plasticity of culture and the use of special cultivation technologies promotes the promotion of grapes in nontraditional regions, in particular in the North. Thus, the presented article on the topic "History of winemaking activity in the Odesa region" will allow students of higher agricultural educational institutions, specialists and amateurs in viticulture to get acquainted with a deep layer of historical information that allows to understand the current state and prospects of the industry on different continents. The article reviews and analyzes the history of winemaking in the Odesa region and the main stages of the formation of the wine industry as an important economic component of agriculture in our region. It will also be considered and analyzed what historical factors and events influenced the development of winemaking in the Odesa region - this is not a scientific term and under what historical conditions the industry has reached its greatest development.
Theoretical and methodological concepts of form-making in architecture, design and art
The article covers concepts of form-making in architecture, art and design in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. The focus lies on study of interconnection between internal structure and exterior form in organic and inorganic objects, which seems more relevant than simple reproduction and replication of natural forms. Study of such changes provided the basis for a trend of metabolism dating back to the middle 20th century in architecture and urban planning in Japan, biomorphism in design and morphogenesis in America. Those theoretical and methodological concepts of form-making greatly affected designing efforts of architects and designers throughout the world. Regrettably, that did not have a considerable effect on understanding general laws of form-making and composition in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods of architectural and artistic training. A large number of publications dedicated to study of general laws, principles or categories of composition does not view them as interconnected with objective laws of form-making. Such approach distorts development of an integral system of knowledge of artistic and visual formmaking in architects- and designers-to-be Purpose of Research is to clarify the notions of “composition”, “laws of composition”, “general laws of composition”, their number and connection with form-making laws (morphogenesis). The following objectives have been set to achieve the purpose: - to study some concepts providing an insight into form-making (morphogenesis) in architecture and design; - to identify interconnection between laws of form-making and general laws of composition. Key notion in one or another theoretical and methodological concept of application of innovative processes in designing efforts of architects and designers is the notion of morphogenesis. In architecture and design morphogenesis may serve as a synonym of formmaking, envisaging the process of occurrence and transformation of an optimum form of an object on the whole. The notions “form-making” and “composition” have a similar understanding of the process of creating a new form, a new reality, a new product in architecture, design and art. Interconnection of general laws of composition and general laws of nature was pointed out by many scholars and artists. Relying on general laws of nature, we define five laws of formmaking. From this perspective it is fair to say that the essence and number of general laws of composition as a key component of art, architecture and design are determined by laws of formmaking.
Principles of formation of individual signs of style in modern design graphics
The article discusses the principles of the formation of individual style features in modern project graphics. The main method for solving this problem is to explain the role of architectural drawing as an additional reflection of the ideas of the author's project, explain the importance of hand and computer graphics as a special creative and technical process in separate projects. The author draws attention to the fact that hand-drawn graphics are special, especially the original image, which is inherent only to one person. We can still vividly imagine the combination of the process of the human brain with pencil and paper, which give individual handwriting and life. It is argued that training and education are necessary for the formation of an individual style. Modern successors of this and specialists in didactic practice have developed and are developing new methods of correct representation, which greatly simplify and contribute to the development of this individuality. Therefore, pedagogical experience is also important for the formation of an individual sign of style in modern design graphics. Additional roles of entourage and staffage in the design process form a special vibration and experience in the formation of an individual style. They, in addition to the main style of presentation, allow you to create the desired symbiosis with a dry computer presentation and more lively and emotional hand-drawn graphics. It was advisable to apply the fact that the knowledge of various authors of graphic developments and drawings about understanding the basic principles and methods of graphic representation of the environment, the most important object, on the basis of which any future artist will create a unique drawing style, his own unique handwriting. The forms of graphic works can change over time for one author, under the influence of general changes in society, the emergence of new technologies, new tasks, etc.
Acceptance of traditions and transformation of style in art education in the period of globalization
The article analyzes the art education systems of different countries, teaching methods, the role of the pedagogical system and the teacher himself in the formation of the student and the education of his own artistic style in modern conditions of globalization and its influence on preservation. Identity Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon that has already arrived, in the process of which goods, information, knowledge and cultural values are exchanged around the world, and it is becoming more and more interconnected. Globalization processes in culture and art have a negative impact on art education and are reflected in qualitative changes in teaching methods and techniques, affect the preservation of identity, cultural heritage, mentality and established traditions in the training of specialists. The market makes inorganic demands on the artist, which greatly distort his unique vision of the world. Reality often requires a lot from a modern artist that is not related to creativity. At some point, the market begins to require him to be a manager, a bureaucrat, to be able to build a system of promotion and growth using fashionable trends. As a result of transformations in the course of globalization, education has lost its true purpose - the development of elevated creative foundations of the individual, the formation of a person as a spiritual being, enlightenment and the desire for improvement [5]. Our task in the conditions of inevitable globalization is to choose for ourselves and to form and preserve our system of art education, taking into account all the risks of the Bologna process with its motto at the head: "nothing personal, only business." Creativity does not tolerate universality, creativity has no limits and cannot be subject to uniform standards. Artistic creativity as a form of self-expression is an important part of the development of a modern person's personality, as a form of survival in a global world. The globalization of education is characterized by the expansion of the interests of developed countries into the corresponding areas of developing countries. It is obvious that globalization processes are beneficial mainly to countries with developed economies, which are trying to strengthen their dominant position in all possible spheres, science, education, sociology [14]. Less developed countries are seeing an outflow of young people in search of a better life. Thus, the problem to be solved is the preservation of traditional art education with a master teacher at the head of this process in the face of inevitable changes in the globalization of society and the education system.
Features of water recreational and health complexes in Ukraine
Today, attention to health has become not only a concern for one's future, but also a lifestyle. Everyone wants to be healthy, athletic, slim, beautiful and joyful, living in harmony with the world around them. There are plenty of ways to keep fit: many people run in the morning, go to the fitness center, follow a diet and fight against bad habits. Technologies and equipment in the beauty sector are constantly improving, and entire industries have emerged on the basis of the general passion for health, one of which is wellness. Today, the world is striving for natural methods of treatment and health maintenance. The idea of vacation as an opportunity for natural healing fits perfectly with people's stereotypes and needs. More and more people are willing to combine recreation with health and appearance care, so the topic of building water recreation facilities is relevant today not only for health and beauty industry professionals, but also for those involved in investment, construction, operation and management of hotels. In this regard, the right location for the construction of sanatoriums and resorts plays an important role. Beautiful landscapes, clean air and healing mineral waters make balneological resorts a great place to spend a vacation. A pleasant, carefree vacation there can be combined with healthy treatments.
Environment as an object of research in architectural design
The article "Environment as an object of research in architectural design" is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of "architectural environment" in order to identify the qualities and capabilities of the design object that still is not taken into account in the design practice of DAE. The definitions of "environment" as an interdisciplinary phenomenon (philosophy, pedagogy, psychology, sociology, etc.) are considering, the concept of "architectural environment" is clarify in relation to the specifics of the designer's professional activity. The characteristics, signs, properties, parameters, and criteria for the formation of the environment are established. Such positions as "boundaries and composition", "structural and component certainty" and the functions of the environment in the cultural context are also considered. This information is summarize in tables. A comparison of traditional and innovative methods and areas of research on the architectural environment. Emphasis is placed on the fundamental positions that remain outside the scope of researchers' interests: environmental scenario, scene, dynamic composition, environmental situation and dialogues, spirit of the area, spirit of the times, atmosphere of the environment, lifestyle and artistic image of the architectural environment.
Dynamics of the development of spatial archetypes in the transition to technocivilization
The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of the development of spatial archetypes in the transition to technocivilization. Particular attention is paid to finding new approaches to the development of historic cities and their centers, ideological and methodological foundations of preservation of architectural monuments, as well as historical and architectural heritage, its use and development in a foreign, ie man-made environment and globalization. It was found that the main trends in solving the problems of coexistence, on the one hand, the urban environment and urban culture, and on the other - the urban environment and mass culture today are associated with several trends in the development of artificial environments. Among them, the most important are the processes of first confrontation and polarization, and then confrontation and absorption by the urban environment of the urban environment. It is proved that the attractiveness of cities is determined by the unconditional advantages of urban life, which increases the pace of socio-cultural development of modern society. The development of the concept of architectural space as a dynamic system and the identification of its humanitarian basis, which through architecture is invariably translated into the environment of human existence within the framework of any social system - from traditional to man-made.
Intelligent lighting system (development prospects in residential buildings)
Comfort has always been one of the engines of progress, forcing human thought to invent more and more new devices to make their lives easier. Since ancient times, people have always sought to arrange their homes in such a way as to maximize comfort with minimal effort. Lighting, like nothing else, affects home comfort. Properly selected light can even affect mood. It can have both positive and negative effects on performance. By adjusting the lighting, you can create an intimate or working environment, calm your thoughts and prepare yourself for sleep, or, conversely, trigger brain activity and wake up. In addition to functionality, light also has a decorative function. By choosing the right brightness and color, you can visually change the interior and create the right atmosphere. That is why proper lighting should be given due attention. Recently emerged smart technologies are gaining popularity around the world. Until recently, smart lighting was considered very expensive, but now it is becoming more affordable. There are many manufacturers, additional functions, and different types of smart lighting. How does smart lighting technology work in the home? You can control the light using either a remote control or voice commands. Newer versions have special apps for smartphones that serve as a kind of remote control. Smart lighting is a lighting technology aimed at increasing the energy efficiency and comfort of using artificial light sources, which is achieved through the use of automated control, light sensors, as well as planning, accentuation, and modern ways of interacting with people and other equipment.
Architectural design techniques in organization of public spaces in dense urban building
Organization of public spaces features in conditions of dense urban development are considered in the article. The design of such spaces contributes to the formation of a friendly environment with a priority on the human scale. The experience of organizing public spaces has been analyzed. It has been established that modern trends in the design of open public spaces are aimed at creating physical, psychological and visual comfort for city residents. It was noted that two main types of actions take place in the public space: pedestrians' moving and staying. Such spaces are in constant connection with the surrounding buildings and interact with them in spatial planning and functional aspects. Depending on the urban planning situation, public space can be mono- or multi-functional. Three main architectural and design methods of organizing public space in dense buildings were identified during the research: abutment, intersection and centering. It has been noted that public spaces should have an expressive artistic image that helps to identify it and create a «living» center for city residents. Formation of urban interiors is related to existing situation analysis in a certain fragment of urban environment, identification of residents' actual needs, detailing of space due to subject filling. Attracting all the necessary means for the full functioning of public space and the ability to meet the needs of society in a quality environment is a priority task today and in the future. It is very important to create urban environment features of openness to public at the sidewalk levels. Public spaces in dense buildings can have quite a variety of configurations, despite planning and spatial limitations. Their design is based on an environmental approach and a detailed features study of socio-cultural processes that take place in a certain area.
Ernst Neizvestny, a sculptor, engaging in the philosophy of art
The article is devoted to the outstanding world-famous sculptor, engaging in the philosophy of art, Ernst Neizvestny, who represents a monumental synthesis of the Russian avant-garde of Kandinsky, Malevich, Tatlin and Filonov. His works carry in itself a unique combination of the ideas of East and West and embodies the concept of synthesis of arts, the monumental style of sculpture and graphics, integrating the spiritual content and modern forms, the vision of the world as harmony and freedom – all this is symbolically expressed in the drawings, graphics, sculpture and monuments of Neizvestny. Among his works, well-known works are considered to be the monumental compositions “A Tree of Life” and “A Golden Child” in Odesa. His creative path and life are studied in the article: childhood and youth in the USSR, participation in the Great Patriotic War, fame and criticism at home, emigration to the USA (1976), and also worldwide recognition. His works compose the collections of many of the world's leading museums such as the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Museum of Modern Art in Paris, the Contemporary Museum in Stockholm, the Museum of Modern Art in Belgrade and the Kennedy Centre in Washington. Ernst Neizvestny is the author of essays, memoirs, was engaged in poetic creativity; read lectures at the largest universities in the world, the topics of his lectures are: “Art and Freedom”, “Art and Society”, “Dante and Dostoevskiy”. He was an honorary member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences, New York Academy of Sciences and Arts, European Academy of Arts and Sciences and Humanities. The fate and works of Ernst Neizvestny became the subject of many books, articles and films (Alexander Zinoviev's story “Yawning Heights”, the documentary film “One Day of Truth”, based on the Nobel lecture of Alexander Solzhenitsyn).
Renovation of industrial building and its adaptation to the modern urban environment
Analysis of the features of the formation of urban public space through the renovation of industrial zones, as well as the identification of the prospects of this process and its impact on the existing structure of the city, based on existing domestic and foreign experience. Method. In modern conditions, with limited financial and material and technical resources of the state, the emergence of global and complex tasks of renovation of existing buildings is an expedient solution from the point of view of reducing costs for new construction. However, this is possible with the application of a comprehensive approach, which aims to preserve the originality, authenticity, identity and historical resources of the urban environment, and also allows to achieve a high predicted efficiency in the implementation of reconstruction projects in the shortest possible time. Renovation of industrial buildings refers to environmental praxeology - one of the content blocks of the theory of harmonization of the architectural environment, which investigates methods of effective organization of activities with the improvement of the artificially created environment. The results. As a result of the study, a comparative analysis of the domestic and foreign experience of renovation of industrial areas was carried out, and a number of factors affecting the renovation processes in the existing urban planning situation with the influence of all existing and possible processes were identified. It was found that depending on the tasks, different functional adaptation and direction of this or that industrial building or complex is possible, as well as its subsequent adaptation into the insuring system of the city. Scientific novelty. Different approaches to the process of renovation of industrial territories were identified and the principles of transforming the existing industrial function into a public space were substantiated. Practical significance. The analysis of the real state of industrial zones was carried out with the aim of an effective process of renovation of outdated and irrationally used industrial territory, which is located both in the structure of the city and outside it. All objects of renovation are considered in view of the time frame, the functional purpose of the buildings, the subject of the implementation of the investment project. Problems were studied and recommendations were made for the development of renovation in the capital and Ukraine in general, based on foreign experience and works.
From sculpture in ancient Greece to trade symbols in the architecture of Odesa
The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study and reveal the historical objects of architecture of Greece and southern Ukraine, in particular the city of Odesa, which influenced the formation of a unique image of buildings and structures. Analysis of different styles in architecture can be useful in restoration works on the reconstruction of architectural monuments. The Greeks always believed that only in a beautiful body can live a beautiful soul. Therefore, the harmony of the body, external perfection is an indispensable condition and the basis of an ideal person. The Greek ideal is defined by the term kalokagatia (Greek: kalos - beautiful, agathos - good). Since kalokagathia includes the perfection of both bodily and spiritual and ethical makeup, the ideal carries justice, chastity, courage and intelligence along with beauty and strength. Along the shores of the Black Sea, on the coast of Southern Italy, there was a group of slave states known in history as Ancient Greece, or Hellas. In the XII-VII centuries BC in Ancient Greece there was a decomposition of the primitive communal system and patriarchal slavery appeared, which in the VIII-VI centuries BC formed the basis of the economic and political life of society. The commodity-money economy developed, which was concentrated in slave cities-states (polis). The largest among them were Athens and Sparta, whose struggle for dominance in ancient Greece was simultaneously a struggle between democracy and aristocratic oligarchy, which led to the Peloponnesian War of 431-404 BC. The Greek polis, exhausted by the war, fell under the rule of Macedonia in 338 BC. For the purpose of comparative analysis, the study includes buildings of the early period, which arose in Odesa from 1880 to 1910. The range of the studied buildings includes public buildings: commercial, entertainment and administrative, which were built in that period. Each building of the central part of the city is unique in the range of elements and details used, in the compositional solution, in the unique decoration of facades and interiors. It is necessary to identify the characteristic features that were developed in the architecture of the city of different periods: modern, constructivism, minimalism. Identification of stylistic trends and directions makes it possible to avoid mistakes in the process of reproducing the executed elements and details on the example of trade symbols.
Formation of open public spaces as a means of improving the postindustrial urban environment
As a result of the study of concepts, the legality of the definition of open public spaces in the structure of the city, as some subsystem that includes architectural and urban planning, design, engineering and transport elements, is socially oriented and aimed at creating a comfortable, accessible, aesthetically attractive and ecologically safe environment. It has been established that open public spaces are getting a second lease of life today - they are becoming unique centers of attraction and communication, combining aesthetics, functional richness and meeting the social needs of society. Abroad, there is already some experience of creating new or restoring existing open public spaces in order to overcome depressive processes in the urban environment as a legacy of the industrial period. In Ukraine, in turn, where the first manifestations of the change of technological eras in the early 1990s coincided with the establishment of independence and the transition to market relations, the degradation of urban areas was felt quite acutely. In such conditions, there is a need to prevent the further deepening of destructive tendencies in the development of the urban environment. In our country, where urban territories were also destroyed as a result of military operations, their restoration becomes quite urgent and stimulates the search for new approaches to solving this problem. In such conditions, the further formation of open urban spaces is considered as an opportunity to create a subsystem of the primary elements of attraction - open public spaces - multifunctional, with a developed transport and pedestrian infrastructure, aesthetically attractive, ecologically safe, capable of ensuring the activation of the socio-cultural life of citizens.